Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA)

Additional Information:

EPIC Test Name: LATENT AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES OF ADULTHOOD

CPT Code(s):

86341 (x 2)

Specimen Requirements:

Type: Serum
Container/Tube: SST
Sample Volume: 1 mL
Minimum Volume: 0.2 mL (Repeat testing is not possible with this specimen volume.)
Storage:
Centrifuge, separate and transfer the serum to a plastic vial. Ship specimens with a frozen cold pack for overnight delivery.
Stability (collection to time of analysis/testing):

  • Refrigerated: 24 hours
  • Frozen: 1 year
  • Use:

    Classic type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is of acute onset and most often occurs during childhood. Children usually have symptoms of diabetes for no more than 2 to 6 weeks. A more slowly progressive form of autoimmune diabetes that presents in adulthood is latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA) [1]. LADA is therefore a form of T1DM.

    Subjects who present with a “non-insulin dependent diabetes” phenotype that carry HLA-DR3 or DR4 are likely to express islet autoantibody and are more likely to become insulin-requiring compared with DR3/DR4-negative type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects [2].

    The most sensitive islet autoantibody markers of LADA are glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) and zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies (ZnT8A).

    References

    1. Brahmkshatriya PP, Mehta AA, Saboo BD, Goyal RK. Characteristics and prevalence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). ISRN Pharmacol 2012;2012:580202.
    2. Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Murphy MB, Kreisberg RA. Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2006 Dec;29(12):2739-48.

    Methodology:

    Enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

    Reported:

    1-10 business days

    Reference Values:

      GADA:

    • Negative: <5.0 IU/mL
    • Positive: ≥5.0 U/mL
    • ZnT8A:

    • Negative : ≤ 15 U/mL
    • Positive: > 15 U/mL

    Performed:

    Bi-weekly